Assignment sample solution of course code PHARM1001 - Introduction to Pharmacy Practice

A 40-year-old patient has been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is being prescribed metformin as part of their treatment regimen. The patient is unfamiliar with the medication and seeks counseling from the pharmacist on how metformin works, its role in managing blood glucose levels, and the potential side effects. The patient is also concerned about the long-term use of metformin, especially regarding its effects on the kidneys and the possibility of developing lactic acidosis. The patient has no history of kidney disease but is concerned about potential kidney problems due to the medication. The pharmacist is asked to explain the mechanism of action of metformin, the potential risks of lactic acidosis, and how metformin compares to other oral hypoglycemic agents in terms of efficacy, side effects, and contraindications.

Using your knowledge of pharmacology, pharmacy practice, and patient counseling, provide a detailed explanation of the mechanism of action of metformin, the potential risks of lactic acidosis, and a comparison of metformin with other commonly used oral hypoglycemic agents for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus.