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Assignment sample solution of EE2025 - Electrical Machines

Q.1 Explain the working principle of a transformer and its applications.

Q.2 What is the difference between synchronous and induction motors?

Q.3 Discuss the importance of power factor and methods to improve it.

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Electrical Engineering Assignment Sample

Q1:

Answer :

Q.1 Ans.: A transformer operates on the principle of electromagnetic induction to transfer electrical energy between two or more circuits. It consists of primary and secondary windings wrapped around a magnetic core. When an AC voltage is applied to the primary winding, it creates a changing magnetic flux, inducing

a voltage in the secondary winding. Transformers are used for stepping up or stepping down voltage levels in power distribution, isolating circuits for safety, and impedance matching in communication systems. Their efficiency and reliability make them essential in electrical systems.

Q1:

Answer :

Synchronous motors operate at a constant speed determined by the supply frequency and are synchronized with it. Induction motors, however, operate slightly below synchronous speed due to slip, which is necessary for torque generation.

Synchronous motors are used in applications requiring precise speed control, like clocks and conveyors, while induction motors are preferred for industrial and household appliances due to their robustness, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness.

Q1:

Answer :

Power factor (PF) measures the efficiency of power usage in a system, defined as the ratio of real power to apparent power. A low PF indicates wasted energy, resulting in higher electricity bills and strain on the power grid. Improving PF reduces losses and increases system efficiency.

Methods include using capacitors to compensate reactive power, employing synchronous condensers, and minimizing inductive loads. Improved PF is essential for cost-effective and sustainable power management.