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Assignment sample solution of PHYS202 - Thermodynamics

Assessment Task: Laws of Thermodynamics

Explain the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Provide an example of each law's application in a real-world scenario.

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  2. 2

Physics Assignment Sample

Q1:

Answer :

1. First Law of Thermodynamics:
The first law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another. Mathematically, it is expressed as:

ΔU = Q−W

where:

  • ΔU is the change in internal energy.
  • Q is the heat added to the system.
  • W is the work done by the system.

Example:
In a steam engine, heat energy from burning fuel is converted into mechanical work to move the pistons, demonstrating the conservation of energy.

2. Second Law of Thermodynamics:
The second law states that the entropy of an isolated system always increases over time. It implies that energy transformations are not 100% efficient and some energy is lost as heat.

Example:
In a refrigerator, work is done to transfer heat from a cooler space (inside the fridge) to a warmer space (outside), but some energy is lost as heat to the environment.

Conclusion:
The first law focuses on energy conservation, while the second law emphasizes the direction of energy flow and entropy increase.